Geothermal resources are classified into high, medium, or low enthalpy categories, depending on the temperature of the produced fluids. Specifically, high-enthalpy geothermal systems are those where fluid temperatures exceed 150°C, medium-enthalpy systems range between 90°C and 150°C, and low-enthalpy systems include those with fluid temperatures below 90°C.

The utilization of low-enthalpy geothermal resources covers a wide range of direct applications. One of the most popular uses of geothermal energy is balneotherapy, as well as the heating of pools, swimming facilities, and thermal spas. Additionally, low-enthalpy fluids are widely exploited for space heating and cooling, hot water production, and district heating in building complexes. They are also used in sustainable greenhouse applications, such as subsoil heating to enhance production and extend the growing season. Furthermore, these resources contribute to aquaculture and fish farming, livestock facility sanitation, fruit and vegetable drying, and food processing.

Moreover, industrial applications of low-enthalpy geothermal fluids are also significant. These include desalination for potable water production, dehumidification of biological sludge, cement and construction material manufacturing, oil recovery, wood drying, paper and pulp processing, and textile dyeing and washing. These applications can be combined with the cogeneration of thermal energy from complementary sources, such as biogas and biomass.

The Geothermal Project for Masoutis

In light of the above, it is essential to highlight a project successfully implemented by Greenext Drilling Company to meet the energy needs of the offices, common areas, and store of Masoutis. Specifically, the project involved the drilling of 16 geothermal wells with a vertical closed-loop system, combined with an underfloor heating and fan coil system within the indoor spaces.

A vertical closed-loop system was chosen over a horizontal one due to its lower maintenance requirements, the ability to achieve a high density of wells within a limited space, and the fact that no underground water extraction is needed. This ensures the system operates independently of the local groundwater table, minimizing environmental impact while achieving high efficiency, as heat loss to the surrounding area is minimal.

This geothermal system has been operating for over 10 years with zero issues and maximum efficiency. It has achieved approximately 80% energy savings, as only about 20% of electricity consumption is required for the smooth operation of the geothermal heat pump. This project serves as an outstanding example of geothermal energy utilization, contributing to long-term sustainability and reducing the environmental footprint of a business.